Australian Shepherd Appearance

The Australian Shepherd has a striking appearance, characterized by a shrewd gaze, a fluffy double coat that covers a lean body, and a bobbed or docked tail. Although Australian Shepherds can have eyes of any color, they are often recognized for their expressive, occasionally mismatched, light blue eyes. The Aussie’s coat color can vary greatly. It’s worth noting that there is no recognized “mini” version of the Australian Shepherd as an American Kennel Club (AKC) breed. However, there is a separate breed called the Miniature American Shepherd, which is a smaller version with its own distinct breed standard. It is important to avoid crossing these two breeds if you want a dog that can be registered with the AKC.

1. Ears

   The Australian Shepherd's alert ears are triangular with a natural fold and set high on the head.

2. Eyes

   Their eyes can be brown, blue, amber or a combination; sometimes, each eye is a different color.

3. Nose

   Aussie noses are straight with a rounded black or brown tip. If their coat is merle, their nose may have pink spots.

4. Coat Length

   Australian Shepherds have a medium-length double coat that consists of two layers: a soft, insulating undercoat and a thick, water-resistant outer coat. They have feathering on the back of their legs.

5. Coat Color

   Their colors include black, blue merle, red or red merle with tan or white markings.

6. Tail

   The AKC breed standard allows for the tail to be docked straight, docked or naturally bobbed. Some Aussie dogs carry the bobtail gene; dogs who are born with straight tails typically have their tails docked to keep the look of the breed consistent. Docking involves cutting a portion of the dog’s tail off when they are puppies. Veterinary groups along with many US states and countries have banned this procedure due to medical and behavioral reasons. If you are interested in this procedure, schedule a consultation with your veterinarian.

How to Care for a Australian Shepherd

Hearty dogs bred for life on the farm or ranch, Aussies are relatively rough-and-tumble dogs who need outlets for their high energy, sharp minds and desire to work. A healthy Aussie is an active Aussie, so make sure to keep them active no matter the weather or your schedule.

Australian Shepherd Health

The Australian Shepherd breed has a lifespan of about 12-15 years and is generally hearty. Presently, the breed has a long life expectancy—it’s not unusual for an Aussie to live to 16 years old. However, there are a few health issues to be aware of: 

• Hip Dysplasia: Hip dysplasia is a painful genetic condition in which the ball of the femur doesn’t properly fit into the hip socket. Environmental factors, such as obesity, can exacerbate symptoms, which means a healthy diet and regular exercise routine are crucial for Aussies. Vets can manage hip dysplasia in Aussies with physical therapy and medication; in some cases, they may need to do surgery. 
• Eye Problems: Cataracts are the most common eye disease in Aussies. Aussies are also at risk of other eye defects, including Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA), a hereditary disease of the nerve and eye tissue that ultimately leads to blindness. Although surgery can treat cataracts, it won’t help with CEA. Aussies are also susceptible to distichiasis, a condition in which an eyelash grows abnormally, potentially scratching the eye. Depending on the severity, treatments range from an eye lubricant to surgery. Finally, iris coloboma is a condition seen in Aussies where the iris (colored part of the eye) does not develop properly and can lead to light sensitivity and discomfort. If you notice anything unusual about your Aussie’s eyes, bring it to your vet’s attention. 
• Cancerous Tumors: Aussies have an increased risk of some cancers, particularly lymphoma and hemangiosarcoma (cancer from the cells that line blood vessels). Let your vet know if you notice any unusual growths, but remember some growths can be internal. Some growths are noncancerous (benign), but others are cancerous. Treatment options can include surgery, chemotherapy or radiation. Usually, the quicker the diagnosis, the more treatment options. 
• Epilepsy: Epilepsy or seizures can be an inherited condition in Aussies. There are no genetic screening tests for epilepsy, but often the condition can be well controlled with daily, lifelong medication. If you have any concerns that your pet may be having a seizures, please see your vet immediately.   
• Multidrug Resistance Mutation (MDR1): MDR1 is a genetic mutation commonly found in herding breeds including Aussies. This mutation makes dogs more sensitive to some medications, particularly Ivermectin, which is found in many heartworm prevention medications. There is genetic testing, which can detect if your dog has this mutation. While most commercially available heartworm prevention medications are still safe for dogs with MDR1 mutation when used as prescribed, it is always important to consult your veterinarian on the right medication for your pet.  

Like with any pet, take your dog in for regular check-ups so you and your vet understand your Aussie’s healthy “normal.” This can help you better identify when your Aussie behaves atypically. Small changes, such as lethargy, lack of interest in food or water or urinating or pooping more or less frequently, may be a sign of a larger issue, so get changes checked right away.